THE ILKHANATE — The Mongols Who Conquered Persia, Turned Muslim, and Vanished in a Single Generation

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Published Jul 2, 2026

They burned Baghdad and ended a five-hundred-year caliphate. Two generations later, their own descendants had converted to the religion they conquered in the name of. One generation after that, the empire simply ran out of family — and vanished.

This is the story of the Ilkhanate (1256–1335), the Mongol khanate of Persia: how Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, destroyed the Nizari Ismaili "Assassins" at Alamut and sacked Baghdad in 1258 — and why the famous death tolls and the legend of the Tigris running black with ink don't survive scrutiny; how the death of the Great Khan pulled Hulagu's army east and left a reduced force to lose at Ain Jalut, the same battle our Mamluks film covered from the other side of the field; how a dynasty with a Christian queen, a Christian general, and decades of embassies to the Pope and the kings of France and England — including Rabban Bar Sauma, the monk from Beijing who crossed the entire known world — never quite made an alliance with Europe; how Ghazan Khan's conversion to Islam in 1295 turned the destroyers of Baghdad into patrons of a Persian golden age, from the first "world history" ever written to the turquoise dome of Soltaniyeh; and how, in 1335, the last Ilkhan died at thirty — poison or plague, no one knows — leaving no heir at all. Not a contested throne: an empty one. Within five years, the empire that took three generations to build was carved into five rival kingdoms. The Mamluks next door survived 267 years, because their system could always make a new sultan. The Ilkhanate was built on a single bloodline — and when the bloodline ran out, so did the state.

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction: The City That Believed Nothing Could Touch It
02:13 The Order From the East
06:31 The Mountain of Knives
09:27 The City That Boasted Too Long
12:03 Everything They Say Happened
16:36 The River They Could Not Cross
19:29 A Kingdom With No Name Yet
21:23 Mongols Against Mongols
23:36 Six Kings in Thirty Years
25:43 The Monk Who Went the Wrong Way
27:58 The Convert
31:34 The Historian Who Ran an Empire
34:26 What the Conquerors Built
37:04 A Man of Four Religions
39:06 The Family That Ran the Country
42:38 The Bloodline That Ran Out

Subtitles are available as separate caption tracks in 15 languages.

Part of the "Civilization Collapse in History" series.

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